近日，厦门大学公共事务学院刘建政课题组在环境与公共卫生健康领域国际顶级期刊《环境健康展望》（Environmental Health Perspectives）发表了题为“量化中日韩三国PM2.5污染及其相关健康影响的源-汇关系：双重视角和跨学科方法”(Quantifying the source-receptor relationships of PM2.5 pollution and associated health impacts among China, South Korea, and Japan: A dual perspective and an interdisciplinary approach) 的研究论文。
《环境健康展望》（Environmental Health Perspectives）由美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）的国家环境健康科学研究所（NIEHS）出版，其年均发文量（article和review）约为150篇。2024年以中国（包括港澳台在内）科研机构主导的研究团队仅在该期刊上发表论文19篇。
刘建政博士与爱丁堡大学地球科学学院及英国国家对地观测中心研究科学家姚飞博士为论文共同第一作者，南昌大学旅游学院陈泓文博士与北京师范大学环境学院赵红艳副教授为论文共同通讯作者。论文全文链接是https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14550。摘要如下。
Background: Transboundary PM2.5 pollution is causing significant environmental conflicts among China, South Korea, and Japan. However, efforts to address these conflicts have been impeded by a lack of a comprehensive understanding of source-receptor relationships of PM2.5 pollution and associated health impacts among these countries.
Objectives: We quantify the extent to which transboundary PM2.5 pollution and associated health impacts are mutual among the three countries in 2015 and 2017 using three metrics (population-weighted mean PM2.5 concentration, PM2.5 population exposure, and PM2.5-related premature deaths) and two accounting perspectives (production and consumption).
Methods: We adopt an integrated interdisciplinary analysis framework that links an environmentally-extended multi-regional input-output model, a GEOS-Chem chemical transport model, a population exposure model, and an exposure-response model.
Results: From a production perspective, China’s contributions to population-weighted mean PM2.5 concentrations in South Korea and Japan are considerable, while the contributions of South Korea and Japan to China are negligible. However, the contributions from South Korea and Japan to PM2.5 population exposure and associated premature deaths in China are nonnegligible from both production and consumption perspectives. From a consumption perspective, the contributions of South Korea and Japan to PM2.5-related premature deaths in China amount to 6.96 [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.36, 7.56] and 9.79 (95% CI: 8.93, 10.64) thousand deaths in 2015, respectively, and 5.03 (95% CI: 4.55, 5.49) and 7.75 (95% CI: 7.02, 8.47) in 2017, respectively. These figures are generally larger than China’s contributions to PM2.5-related premature deaths in South Korea and Japan, which measure 4.63 (95% CI: 3.97, 5.28) and 3.91 (95% CI: 2.78, 5.01) thousand deaths in 2015, respectively, and 4.43 (95% CI: 3.75, 5.1) and 3.69 (95% CI: 2.57, 4.79) in 2017, respectively.
Discussion: Our findings show that mutual contributions of PM2.5 pollution and associated health impacts among the three countries vary considerably when different metrics and accounting perspectives are applied. A consumption perspective reveals narrower gaps in mutual contributions than a production perspective. Moreover, other countries outside Northeast Asia may have played a significant role in contributing to PM2.5 pollution and associated health impacts in Northeast Asia, suggesting that Northeast Asian countries should look beyond this region and collaborate with the rest of the world to jointly develop effective PM2.5 mitigation strategies. Our findings could help policy makers, scholars, and the public in China, South Korea, and Japan understand the intricacies involved in assigning environmental responsibilities and achieving environmental justice with respect to transboundary PM2.5 pollution.